Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body produces little or no insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Unlike Type 2, Type 1 often affects children, teens, and young adults. It develops suddenly and requires lifelong insulin therapy.

Growing Concern of Type 1 Diabetes in Mumbai

Though less common than Type 2, Type 1 Diabetes is rising in Mumbai. Environmental triggers, changing lifestyle patterns, and possible genetic predispositions are contributing to new cases, even in early childhood.

Urban environments with increased pollution and altered gut microbiomes might also influence the immune system, increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders like T1DM.

Dr. Ankan Jha: Leading Endocrinologist in Mumbai

Dr. Ankan Jha, DM Endocrinology from Nair Hospital, Mumbai, is a trusted expert in diagnosing and managing Type 1 Diabetes. He combines clinical expertise with a deep understanding of patient needs, offering customized diabetes care plans for children, teenagers, and adults.

He focuses on insulin management, patient education, and long-term complication prevention.

Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

Recognizing early signs can save lives. Common symptoms include:

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Sudden weight loss
• Increased hunger
• Fatigue
• Blurry vision
• Bedwetting in children
• Fruity-smelling breath

If left untreated, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition.

Diagnosis and Early Detection in Mumbai

Dr. Ankan Jha uses advanced diagnostic tools for early detection. Tests include:

• Fasting blood sugar test
• HbA1c test
• C-peptide test
• Autoantibody tests

Early diagnosis helps initiate insulin therapy promptly and prevent complications.

Living with Type 1 Diabetes: Treatment & Management

Managing Type 1 Diabetes requires a multidisciplinary approach. Dr. Ankan Jha emphasizes five pillars of care:

1. Insulin Therapy
   Multiple daily injections (MDI) or insulin pumps help mimic the body's natural insulin pattern. The correct dosage and timing are crucial.
2. Blood Glucose Monitoring
   Patients need to check sugar levels multiple times daily. Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGM) or glucometers are commonly used in Mumbai clinics.
3. Balanced Diet
   Carb-counting and meal planning are essential. High-fiber foods, lean proteins, and low-GI carbs help manage sugar spikes.
4. Physical Activity
   Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity. However, patients must manage insulin doses and snacks to prevent hypoglycemia.
5. Education & Support
   Dr. Jha believes that informed patients manage diabetes better. He offers one-on-one counseling, workshops, and family education sessions.

Diabetes Support in Mumbai

Mumbai has growing support for T1DM patients:

• Pediatric diabetes care units
• Endocrinology clinics with dietitians
• Diabetes education programs
• Online communities and NGOs
• Access to insulin pumps and CGMs

Dr. Ankan Jha actively works with local organizations to spread awareness and improve access to quality care.

Preventing Complications Through Regular Follow-Ups

Type 1 Diabetes, if unmanaged, can lead to:

• Eye damage (retinopathy)
• Nerve damage (neuropathy)
• Kidney issues (nephropathy)
• Cardiovascular disease

Regular check-ups and lab tests help detect early signs of damage. Dr. Jha’s proactive approach helps patients maintain long-term health.